在三种不同条件下，即无太阳能-电能、仅太阳能照明输入（0.8 kW m-2）和太阳能-电能组合（0.8 kW m-2 太阳光强度和 25 V 电压），分别测量了 POP-P-120 表面 1 天（图 5d）和 180 天（图 S8）的冰覆盖率变化。以 60 分钟为一个周期交替模拟白天和黑夜，图 5d 描述了在环境温度为 -25 °C 和环境湿度为 20% 的三种不同条件下冰覆盖率的变化。在没有电力和太阳能照明的情况下，表面完全被冰覆盖，即图 5e 中的黑线。在 0.8 kW m-2 太阳能光照条件下，光照时间结束后，冰继续生长。值得注意的是，在 0.8 kW m-2 太阳光照和 25 V 电压的作用下，整个研究期间表面都没有结冰。图 5e 中的红线在六个周期后也可以观察到这一趋势。

The ice coverage changes of the POP-P-120 surface were measured over the periods of 1 day (Figure 5d) and 180 days (Figure S8) under three different conditions, i.e., no solar-electro energy, only solar illumination input (0.8 kW m–2), and a combined solar-electrical energy (0.8 kW m–2 solar intensity and 25 V voltage). Taking 60 min as a cycle to simulate day and night alternately, Figure 5d depicts the change of ice coverage under three different conditions at an ambient temperature of −25 °C and an ambient humidity of 20%. The surface was fully covered with ice in the absence of electricity and solar illumination, which corresponds to the black line in Figure 5e. Under the condition of 0.8 kW m–2 solar illumination, the ice continued to grow when the light duration is over. Remarkably, the surface remained ice-free under a 0.8 kW m–2 solar illumination coupled with a 25 V voltage throughout the period of study. This tendency can also be observed from the red line in Figure 5e after six cycles.